That's innovation for the sake of every kid's commute. 240 hp/560 lb-ft As such, LORD Corp. offers the Motion Master Ride Management System, a seat suspension system that comprises a magneto-rheological (MR) fluid damper, a controller with an integral position sensor and a ride mode switch that can be set to soft, medium or firm. Those who are certified in tests S1 S6 are recognized as ASE-Certified Master School Bus Technicians. 2. The secure and easy all-access connection to your content. Shackle system controls vehicle suspension. 877-272-8737. This vehicle is described in the Medium-Heavy Composite Vehicle Type 4 Reference Booklet that is provided both before and at the time of testing. Leave No Student Behind rear safety feature: standard. 14 0 obj<>stream endstream endobj 13 0 obj<> endobj 15 0 obj<> endobj 16 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 17 0 obj<> endobj 18 0 obj<> endobj 19 0 obj<> endobj 20 0 obj<> endobj 21 0 obj<> endobj 22 0 obj<> endobj 23 0 obj<>stream 1. Choosing an item from This document will be available as an electronic pop-up document during the test. Power steering is required and must In early fall 2022, they will receive an email informing them that the results have been posted to their myASE account. *Tests A1-A9 and G1 are available in Spanish. For rear suspension, Hendrickson offers the COMFORT AIR system. School Bus Steering Parts Looking for steering parts for a school bus front axle? Joel Badskey, MOR/ryde sales professional, says the use of rubber improves the performance of the vehicles existing suspension system. We can help! Technicians must retest every five years to retain their certification. Click the Service Manual button to get a list of available manuals. Badskey says that wheelchair lift-equipped buses can be off-center, and while the system adjustment does not load-level like an air ride system, it levels out the weight at the beginning of a ride. developer resources. The Bendix ESP full stability system is a widely-available ABS-based commercial vehicle stability system capable of recognizing and assisting with driving situations on the widest range of road conditions. If youre learning about ASE certification tests for the first time, we recommend that you begin with the General Information page, which describes the tests in general, and then click on the individual Test Series links below to learn more about the individual tests available in each Test Series. This is also the reason why steering systems on trucks and buses require regular checks. switch to drafting.ecfr.gov. Thomas Built Buses, Inc. is a subsidiary of Daimler Trucks North America LLC, a Daimler company. MOR/ryde also manufactures the Steer Rubber Leaf System, a steer axle unit. Recertification:Technicians must retest every five years to retain their certification. Holland Neway bus suspensions include a wide range of rated capacities.We can provide a suspension system tailored to the operational demands of your bus or This document is available in the following developer friendly formats: Information and documentation can be found in our 220 hp/600 lb-ft Maintenance and Light Repair Study Guide : Includes Auto Maintenance and Light Repair (G1) test. To learn more about the Commercial Duty System, please contact us. We do not have manuals available on CD older than those listed above. The Bendix ESP full stability system promotes driver confidence by mitigating events that could be experienced in certain road conditions. air brake system test procedure 34 school bus exterior mirror adjustment grid 35 acknowledgement 36 . Weve designed systems that will match that lifespan.. StoneridgeBlueBirdInstrumentationOperatorsGuide, 19992003 Blue Bird All American Service Manual, 2000 All American Forward Engine and Rear Engine Operators Manual, 2000 TCSeries Forward Engine Operators Manual, 1999 All American Forward Engine Operators Manual, 1999 TC1000 and 2000 Forward Engine Operators Manual. 31136, 31151, 31502; sec. Serving Car & Truck Fleet Management Professionals, Serving EV Intenders & Professionals In Commercial & Public Fleets, Serving Corporate, Executive, & Financial Managers Of Large Commercial Fleets, Serving Leaders In Fleet Mobility & Emerging Technology, Serving Public Sector Fleet Professionals, Serving Medium & Heavy Duty Commercial Truck Professionals, Serving Transit Bus, Private Motorcoach, & Passenger Rail Professionals, Serving School & Pupil Transportation Fleet Professionals, Serving Vocational & Service Fleet Professionals. After exiting the bus, walk at least 6 feet away from the side of the bus. And our engine cover allows quick, tool-free access to the engine, fluids and belts, keeping routine maintenance time to a minimum. It then applies the brakes separately on the four wheels in a specific pattern in an effort to help keep the bus stable on the road. Kelly Roher, Associate Editor Service Brake Test Disengage (push-in) Parking brake and accelerate to 5 mph in a straight line. result, it may not include the most recent changes applied to the CFR. If you have questions or comments regarding a published document please FAR). CDL class b school bus suspension, steering, brake and tire BIGLAKADJL 271 subscribers Subscribe 115 Share 16K views 6 years ago suspension, steering, brake and tire Show more Show more. 0000000556 00000 n will bring you to those results. To identify and recognize those Estimators who possess knowledge of the skills necessary to properly analyze and estimate automotive collision damage. The School Bus recertification tests (S1R S7R) are about half as long as the initial certification tests. formatting. URO Systems offers several shackle replacement kits for school buses. Find a qualified ZF Aftermarket repair partner quickly and easily always nearby. You may have noticed that the C2 school bus looks different than other Type C buses. Use the link below to download the study guide and review this information prior to taking the L3 test. It's better for the family. You are looking for company information on ZF Friedrichshafen AG? Technicians must retest every five years to retain their certification. Technicians must retest every five years to retain their certification. %PDF-1.4 The system is suitable for hybrid and electric city buses that have a high centre of gravity. See 49 CFR 393.209 for full steering wheel system requirements. It's sociable. xb```f``l(Fqk / 300p5T~Vr`eg`L@l` JY Fall 2022 and later: The regular L4 test will have 50 questions and will have a 2-hour time limit. Those who are certified in tests E1 E3 are recognized as ASE-Certified Master Truck Equipment Technicians. Do you want to proceed? Here are some safety tips to prevent that:1. The Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Specialist Certification Test (L4) launched in mid May 2022 as a double length test so that statistics can be gathered on the questions to determine the passing score for the test. % The steering gear box shall not have loose or missing mounting bolts or cracks in the gear box or mounting brackets. The safest seat in a school bus is generally in the middle, in an aisle seat on the right-hand side, between tires. Please log in to proceed to your Dashboard. To become ASE certified, Service Consultants must pass the C1 test and present proof of two years of work experience specifically related to service writing, not hands-on automotive repair. To identify and recognize those Transit Bus Technicians who demonstrate knowledge of the skills necessary to diagnose, service, and repair various systems on transit buses. Installation instructions and useful tips: Benefit from our professionals' exclusive know-how. Leaks Look for puddles on the ground and dripping fluids from engine and Moreover, the STEERTEK axle allows for up to 55 degrees of wheel cut, facilitating ease of vehicle maneuverability. The system can help by automatically activating wheel-end braking to slow the vehicle when necessary. We recommend you directly contact the agency responsible for the content in question. 800-376-1644, Mon- Fri: 08:00AM 04:30PM CST View the most recent official publication: These links go to the official, published CFR, which is updated annually. It revolutionized the school bus industry by introducing BusWise Technologies, a full suite of robust safety, efficiency and serviceability features. IMMIs school bus steering wheel products are designed to improve driver and passenger safety. We also have more printable school you may like: Printable Back To School TeacherHigh School Word Searches PrintablePreschool Rules Printables. To become ASE certified, Estimators must pass the B6 test and present proof of two years of work experience specifically related to damage analysis and estimating, not hands-on collision repair. Technicians must retest every five years to retain their certification. Installation is bolt-on and requires no welding. 3. Detroit Connect available on DD5 engine Multifunction School Activity Bus (MFSAB): A MFSAB is a sub category of a school bus. While Ridewells air ride suspension systems for school buses are more expensive than steel leaf spring systems, Rickman notes that the smooth ride created by the RAD-227 systems four air springs makes it well suited for special-needs and school activity buses, as well as school buses that travel on extremely uneven streets. will also bring you to search results. Over 100 years of experience, innovation, manufacturing excellence and customer satisfaction make all the difference - that means you can always . The Saf-T-Liner C2 was designed from the ground up to deliver superior durability, reliability and safety. Bookmarked content can then be accessed anytime on all of your logged in devices! If you would like to comment on the current content, please use the 'Content Feedback' button below for instructions on contacting the issuing agency. Service Manuals for Blue Bird School Buses. To earn the Undercar Specialist designation, you must be concurrently certified in all three tests: A4, A5, and X1. Those who are certified in tests B2 B5 are recognized as ASE-Certified Master Collision Repair Technicians. To become ASE certified, Parts Specialists must pass one or more of the Parts series tests and present proof of two years of work experience specifically related to parts counter work, not hands-on automotive repair. (25) 4. %PDF-1.4 % Engine Compartment (Engine Off) 1. COMFORT AIR includes an extended main support member that generates a low spring rate for optimal roll stiffness and improved vehicle handling. The BMW Associate Level and BMW Member Level Assessments contain 60 scored questions that will determine a technician's knowledge of the skills covered in the BMW Associate Level and BMW Member Level training courses. Hi-Vis web colors are available. Search & Navigation Those are certified in tests A1 A8 are recognized as ASE-Certified Master Automobile Technicians. Going further is about staying in tune with what your buses need and when they need it. The eCFR is displayed with paragraphs split and indented to follow This also builds confidence, social skills, and self-esteem. citations and headings The systems also increase the dynamic axle travel of the vehicles existing suspension and are especially effective on applications where load conditions may vary, as the companys specialty within the school bus market is systems for special-needs buses. 0000004016 00000 n Blue Bird School Bus Side Panel Repair Procedure, Ford Business Preferred Network Dealer Directory, Propane 6.8L Starting and Filling Procedure, IO Multiplex Ladder Logic Timers Training, Stoneridge Instrumentation Operators Guide, Non Pre-Wired Blue Bird Connect Dealer Installation, Mon- Fri: 08:00AM 04:30PM CST Availability is subject to prior sale. Get the big picture. The Light Duty Hybrid/Electric Vehicle Specialist (L3) Study Guide - this guide contains test specifications, tasks list, the Certification Test Reference document, sample test questions, and training resources. ASE offers a separate C1 certification test specifically for service consultants, who work with repair technicians and car owners. MOR/ryde International MOR/ryde International's Rubber Leaf System features rubber shear springs that isolate and absorb road shock, providing a smooth ride. This extremely low mileage Thomas Built Freightliner School Bus (3,000 Miles) has a steering issues. It's greener. While several of these tests parallel the ASE Medium-Heavy Truck and Transit Bus tests, each is designed to test knowledge of systems specific to school buses. 0000001962 00000 n To improve the quality of vehicle service through the voluntary testing and certification of Service Consultant professionals. Collision Repair & Refinish Study Guide - this guide contains test specifications, tasks lists, sample test questions, and training resources. Large overhead drivers storage compartments, Side storage for clipboards and personal objects, Customizabledriver smart switch placement, Automotive-style heating and ventilation controls, Instrument panel visibility through steering wheel, Detroit Connect Virtual Technicianremote diagnostics service (available, Air suspension drivers seat with available heating, Variety of AM/FM radio options with PA, Bluetooth, Weatherband and speed-sensing volume controls, Bench seat without belts, with lap belts or with three-point belts, The longest service intervals in the industry, with up to 45,000-mile* oil and fuel filter change intervals, Maximum uptime with unsurpassed efficiency and exceptional endurance, Power, performance and best-in-class fuel economy and reliability, Easier serviceability with top-load oil and fuel filters, Standard warranty covers the engine and aftertreatment for five years/100,000 miles/160,000 km, including 100% parts and labor, A 4-cylinder design, which provides just as much torque as a 6-cylinder, but with better fuel efficiency, Variable exhaust cam phasing which allows additional heat to the exhaust stream to promote efficient operation of the aftertreatment system in low speed and stop-and-go operation. While several of these tests parallel the ASE Medium-Heavy Truck and School Bus tests, each is designed to test knowledge of systems specific to transit buses. To identify and recognize those Technicians who can demonstrate knowledge of the skills necessary to diagnose, service, and repair compressed natural gas vehicles. The Bendix ESP system implements a series of sensors throughout the chassis of the bus, which determine the YAW Rate, Steering Angle, Brake Pressure, as well as the lateral acceleration of the vehicle. NOTE: B6 is NOT a requirement for Master Collision Repair Technician Status. Background and more details are available in the Technicians taking the test during this window will receive a notice of completion and their L4 test result in myASE will show "Score Pending." Thats innovation for the sake of every kids commute. 12 0 obj<> endobj All youre doing is changing the strength of the magnetic field, so you get a device that can respond in milliseconds, Toscano says. SCHOOL BUS STEERING COMPONENTS ITEM AND METHOD OF INSPECTION POINT VALUE REQUIREMENT DESCRIPTION (#) DESIGNATES POINTS TO BE DEDUCTED IV. Get to the bus stop at least five minutes early. Safety Benefits The Bendix ESP system implements a series of sensors throughout the chassis of the bus, which determine the YAW Rate, Steering Angle, Brake Pressure, as well as the lateral . Belts shall not be frayed, cracked or slipping. 0 Thats Thomas Built Buses. Displaying title 49, up to date as of 3/02/2023. You can learn more about the process information or personal data. Use Bus Lookup to find your unit. Please do not provide confidential Here are some benefits of using a school bus:1. To register for the recertification version of the Advanced Engine Performance Specialist Test (L1R), you must have previously passed the regular L1 test. Engine Options user convenience only and is not intended to alter agency intent 0000000724 00000 n You must keep each one of those certifications current to maintain Master Technician status. 0000002207 00000 n is available with paragraph structure matching the official CFR Transit Bus Study Guide - this guide contains test specifications, tasks lists, sample test questions, and training resources. Learn more about the eCFR, its status, and the editorial process. ASE Certification Test SeriesClick on the Test Series title to see details about that series. The Parts Specialist recertification tests (P1R, P2R, and P4R) are about half as long as the initial certification tests. Bearings Cylinders Drag Links Filters Gears Hoses King Pins Master Seal Kit Pitman Shaft Seal Kit Pumps Shaft U-Bolts Stablilizer Kits Stub Shaft Seal Kit Tie-Rod Ends 0000000802 00000 n Under the Reference tab you will find the Service Manual button. The Alternate Fuels CNG Vehicle recertification test (F1R) is about half as long as the initial certification test. Make sure they see you. Common Violations . It must meet all FMVSS's of a school bus except traffic control devices (flashing light Let's get started! The following list will help you find the parts you need. Detroit DD5 engine Preventive Maintenance, Repair and Replacement. All Rights Reserved. Other Transit Bus recertification tests will be added over time. 877-307-0322, Mon- Fri: 08:00AM 04:30PM EST 1955 Ford Shorty School Bus, 60 Ford Motor C-6 Transmission. 0000000930 00000 n Fits drivers of every size comfortably, which also encourages seat belt usage. Advanced Level L4 - Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Specialist Composite Vehicle Reference Booklet - this booklet describes the advanced driver assistance systems that are used with many of the questions in the L4 test. 4.3 (380) $3499. October 1, 2008 0000001483 00000 n ZF Aftermarket makes daily work easier for truck and bus workshops with a range of workshop concepts. stream 7.5.0 Applicability of Regulations to School Bus Transportation; 7.6 Small Passenger . Advanced Engine Performance Specialist Study Guide, Composite Vehicle Type 4 Reference Booklet, Advanced Diesel Engine Diagnosis Specialist Study Guide, Medium-Heavy Composite Vehicle Type 4 Reference Booklet, Light Duty Hybrid/Electric Vehicle Specialist (L3) Study Guide, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for the ASE Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Specialist (L4) test, Advanced Level L4 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Specialist Test Information, Advanced Level L4 - Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Specialist Composite Vehicle Reference Booklet, A2 Automatic Transmission/Transaxle (50), B2 Painting & Refinishing (55 scored questions), B3 Non-Structural Analysis & Damage Repair (55), B4 Structural Analysis & Damage Repair (50), B5 Mechanical & Electrical Components (50), E1 Truck Equipment Installation & Repair (45 scored questions), E2 Electrical/Electronic Systems Installation & Repair (50), E3 Auxiliary Power Systems Installation & Repair (50), H1 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Engines (50 scored questions), H7 Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC) (50), H8 Preventive Maintenance & Inspection (PMI) (50), P1 Medium-Heavy Truck Parts Specialist (70 scored questions), P4 General Motors Parts Consultant (65), S1 Body Systems & Special Equipment (50 scored questions), S7 Air Conditioning Systems & Controls (45), T1 Gasoline Engines (50 scored questions), T7 Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC) (40), T8 Preventive Maintenance Inspection (50), MIL2 Diesel Engines (40 scored questions*), MIL3 Drive Train (40 scored questions*), MIL5 Suspension, Steering, and Hydraulics (40 scored questions*), MIL6 Electrical/ Electronic Systems (40 scored questions*), MIL7 Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC) (40 scored questions*), MIL8 Preventive Maintenance Checks & Services (PMCS) (40 scored questions*), BMW3: Collision Repair Technician Assessment. of virtually everything surrounding the C2. The following outlines product specifications from three companies that manufacture suspension systems for school buses and two that offer auxiliary systems. 2023 Blue Bird Corporation. 17.0 steering 25 18.0 suspension 27 19.0 tire, wheel and hub 28 20.0 electric school bus 30 21.0 procedural 30 . Bookmark +. The Shackle System has a freely rotating . LORD Corp. offers the Motion Master system through Bostrom Seating Inc. The RAD-227 Parallelogram Air Ride System, for instance, is a drive axle system that includes four air springs. Steering (15) A. . MPV: Multipurpose passenger vehicle accommodating ten (10) or less people. In many suspension systems they dont, so the rotation translates to better vehicle handling, extended tire life and a smoother ride.. Whether you're replacing brake pads or rotors, crossing arms or stop arms, a heater motor or a seat . It keeps kids more active. At Thomas Built Buses, we know that school systems want to get the most out of their transportation budgets. learn more about the process here. 1200 Sugar Creek Square MOR/ryde Internationals suspension systems for school buses work in conjunction with a bus chassis steel leaf spring suspension. The Saf-T-Liner EFX is a front-engine, transit-style school bus designed to provide excellent value for customers. Comments that include personal (eg: Each of the pins at the hanger and the spring eye rotate, explains Dan Teed, company president. It benefits the community. In addition to the four air springs, the RAD-227 drive axle systems parallelogram design provides constant axle pitch and maximum ride stability. Technicians must retest every five years to retain their certification. You can The PV360 multi-camera provides a 360-degree view Plus, it offers a number of other features that enhance safety, including: Get the engine built for medium-duty applications. A lot of activity and special-needs buses arent used as frequently as regular-ed school buses, and districts keep them for a long time. It offers outstanding maneuverability, exceptional driver ergonomics and best-in-class visibility among Type C buses. School Bus Pre Trip Flash Cards Flashcards Home Flashcards Driving Skills School Bus Pre Trip Flash Cards Shared Flashcard Set Details Title School Bus Pre Trip Flash Cards Description Flash Cards Including Pictures of Pre Trip Items Total Cards 41 Subject Driving Skills Level Not Applicable Created 05/06/2016 Cummins Zonar OTAir 2017 or newer. here. 0000002446 00000 n The Advanced Engine Performance Specialist (L1) test contains 50 scored questions focused on the diagnosis of general power-train, computerized power-train controls (including OBD II), ignition systems, fuel and air induction systems, emission control systems, and I/M test failures. Passenger Capacity Up to 81 Wheelbase 158, 179, 199, 219, 238, 259, 279 GVWR Up to 33,000 lbs. Estimators must retest every five years to retain their certification. NOTE: A9 is NOT a requirement for Master Automobile Technician Status. The in-page Table of Contents is available only when multiple sections are being viewed. Technical Support Staff. Get the latest updates and promotions from Blue Bird direct to your email! Would you like further information on our service or our products for trucks and buses? Some images may be used for illustration purposes only and may not be of the actual unit portrayed. Normal wear items are excluded. Organization and Purpose Ridewell Suspensions manufactures air ride systems for use on specialty applications within the school bus market. Technicians must retest every five years to retain their certification. contact the publishing agency. 17.0 steering 25 18.0 suspension 27 19.0 tire, wheel and hub 28 20.0 electric school bus 30 21.0 procedural 30 . While the components of Hendricksons, Ridewell Suspensions and MOR/ryde Internationals suspension systems improve ride quality, URO Systems LLCs Shackle System further enhances ride quality by controlling the movement of a vehicles suspension. For Thomas Built Buses Saf-T-Liner EF units, URO offers the TD8820 Front Shackle Replacement Kit. The MOR/ryde hanger bolts into the existing spring hanger holes on the chassis frame rail, providing a secure attachment that serves the same function as the leaf spring hanger. The B6 certification test is intended for those who write estimates for collision damage repair. Over the years, the Saf-T-Liner C2 school bus has earned a reputation for safety and efficiency. Copyright Daimler Trucks North America LLC. xVM5l!C c\U+8$%^gz=(CJr{]Cb3$}Q?V\LKJs?=^wxM-cuC.nhAE\wwS[%w1J]}\,_K!rDv 30 Baseline Road Thomas Built is pleased to offer a base warranty of three years or 50,000 miles on the Saf-T-Liner C2. Because of the complexity of the L1 test, ASE generally recommends that you NOT register for other tests during the same test session. Fenton MO 63026 The pitman arm on the steering gear output shaft shall not be loose. Find all your online services and information at a glance: ZF Aftermarket is the number one choice when it comes to steering systems for trucks and buses thanks to our long-lasting, high-performance range of steering gears and pumps. The systems ability to provide a near-instantaneous response to harsh road conditions stems from the MR fluid in the damper. When the bus approaches, stand at least 6 feet away from the curb and line up away from the street. This vehicle is described in the Composite Vehicle Type 4 Reference Booklet that is provided both before and at the time of testing. The drag link is a steel shaft that runs from the pitman arm on the steering box to one of the steering knuckles, and it features two ends with ball and socket type joints (like a tie rod end), the ball and socket joints allow the drag link to travel through the entire steering range of motion without binding. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) Specialist Certification Test (L4) Parts Specialist Certification Tests (P Series) School Bus Certification Tests (S Series) Medium-Heavy Truck Certification Tests (T Series) Undercar Specialist Exhaust Systems Test (X1) ASE Military Tactical Wheeled Vehicle Certification Tests (MIL Series) 16-gauge steel body and 100% steel rub rail for added durability: standard. (c) Steering column. To reach the master list of manuals available in each group, click on the Blue Bird logo from any manual introduction page. The Damage Analysis and Estimating (B6) test contains 50 scored questions on damage analysis, estimating, legal and environmental practices, vehicle construction, vehicle systems, parts identification and source, and customer relations and sales. (1) The steering wheel lash shall not exceed the following parameters: (2) For steering wheel diameters not listed in paragraph (b)(1) of this section the steering wheel lash shall not exceed 14 degrees angular rotation for manual steering systems, and 30 degrees angular rotation for power steering systems. 0|]xh}a7 x"p9XV0X|DwO 1/1.1 If your Country is not listed, select "Other countries" to visit our ZF Aftermarket Global website. There are two types of steering systems available. The DD5is available with the Detroit Connect Virtual Technician, a subscription-based remote diagnostic service (free for the first five years) that instantly transmits data to the Detroit Customer Support Center so you can make informed service decisions within minutes of an issue. LORD Corp.'s Motion Master Ride Management System includes a damper that utilizes magneto-rheological fluid technology to provide near real-time seat deceleration in response to road shock. 240 hp/660 lb-ft (2k or 3k transmission), Cummins B6.7 200-260 hp The Office of the Federal Register publishes documents on behalf of Federal agencies but does not have any authority over their programs. Hendrickson Over the last decade, Hendrickson has increased its focus on the school bus market. the steering column, the overall steering system, and for power steering systems. 361 United Court L. 102-240, 105 Stat. The pitman arm on the steering gear output shaft shall not be loose. Just click a link! We chose this design, quite simply, because of the outstanding visibility and safety. Those certified in tests T2 through T8 are Master Medium/Heavy Truck Technicians, and so forth. Experience Requirements: If you pass one or more tests and have at least two years of hands-on experience working as an auto or truck technician (appropriate training may substitute for up to one year of experience) then you will be certified as an ASE Military Tactical Wheeled Vehicle Technician. Use the navigation links in the gray bar above to view the table of contents that this content belongs to. For children who are going to be sitting down in the classroom for most of the day, this helps them to do more physical activities. 220 hp/520 lb-ft "Published Edition". <> xref Rubber isolates and absorbs road shock, giving you a softer, smoother ride, he explains.