[93] Much divergence exists in the terminology used to classify the city's climate, however. Dominated by low-cost carriers, Istanbul's second airport has rapidly become popular, especially since the opening of a new international terminal in 2009;[346] the airport handled 14.7 million passengers in 2012, a year after Airports Council International named it the world's fastest-growing airport. [186] They continue to live in Istanbul (mostly in Karaky, Beyolu and Nianta), and Izmir (mostly in Karyaka, Bornova and Buca).
[271] Istanbul Park was also a venue of the World Touring Car Championship and the European Le Mans Series in 2005 and 2006, but the track has not seen either of these competitions since then. Atatrk Olympic Stadium, the largest multi-purpose stadium in Turkey, was completed in 2002 as an IAAF first-class venue for track and field. Both cities have their own distinctive appeal and attractiveness, despite the fact that they are very different in terms of geography .
[104] If trends continue, sea level rise is likely to affect city infrastructure, for example Kadkoy metro station is threatened with flooding.
[126] When re-erected at the Hippodrome of Constantinople, the obelisk was mounted on a decorative base, with reliefs that depict Theodosius I and his courtiers. [205] Istanbul's productivity is 110 percent higher than the national average. Their prevalence has increased significantly over the last decade, as the percentage of outpatients using private hospitals increased from 6 percent to 23 percent between 2005 and 2009. Chestnut, oak, elm, linden, ash and locust comprises the most prominent tree genera. Small settlements adjacent to major population centers in Turkey, including Istanbul, were merged into their respective primary cities during the early 1980s, resulting in metropolitan municipalities. The last race of the Powerboat P1 World Championship on the Bosporus took place on 1921 June 2009.
km.
[50][51] Constantinople's location also ensured its existence would stand the test of time; for many centuries, its walls and seafront protected Europe against invaders from the east and the advance of Islam.
[310] The O-7[311] or Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, is a motorway that bypass Istanbul to the north. [177] Native Arab population in Turkey who are Turkish citizens are found to be making up less than 1% of city's total adult population. [134] The present palace grew over the centuries as a series of additions enfolding four courtyards and blending neoclassical, rococo, and baroque architectural forms.
Buses from Anatolia stop here en route to Esenler bus station, 20-25 min further.
The average after-tax salary is enough to cover living expenses for 0.6 months in Istanbul compared to 0.5 months in Mogadishu.
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[110] Inland, north of Taksim Square is the Istanbul Central Business District, a set of corridors lined with office buildings, residential towers, shopping centers, and university campuses, and over 2,000,000m2 (22,000,000sqft) of class-A office space in total.
[159] 64.4% of the residents live on the European side and 35.6% on the Asian side.
[267], The TVF Burhan Felek Sport Hall is one of the major volleyball arenas in the city and hosts clubs such as Eczacba VitrA, Vakfbank SK, and Fenerbahe who have won numerous European and World Championship titles.
[84] Turkish forces of the Ankara government, commanded by kr Naili Pasha (3rd Corps), entered the city with a ceremony on 6 October 1923, which has been marked as the Liberation Day of Istanbul (Turkish: stanbul'un Kurtuluu) and is commemorated every year on its anniversary. While Istanbul's Greek population was exempted from the 1923 population exchange with Greece, changes in tax status and the 1955 anti-Greek pogrom prompted thousands to leave. A 2016 survey of 230 cities by consultant Mercer ranked Tehran 203rd for quality of life.
[151], With the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality and Istanbul Province having equivalent jurisdictions, few responsibilities remain for the provincial government. [18] Constantinople remained the most common name for the city in the West until the 1930s, when Turkish authorities began to press for the use of "Istanbul" in foreign languages.
For example: Kolkata . [244] Since then, malls have become major shopping centers outside the historic peninsula. [235] Istanbul and its picturesque skyline have also served as a backdrop for several foreign films, including From Russia with Love (1963), Topkapi (1964), The World Is Not Enough (1999), and Mission Istaanbul (2008). Among Turkey's first private stations, and the first featuring foreign popular music, was Istanbul's Metro FM (97.2 FM). The settlers built an acropolis adjacent to the Golden Horn on the site of the early Thracian settlements, fueling the nascent city's economy. Trk Telekom Arena opened in 2011 to replace Ali Sami Yen Stadium as Galatasaray's home turf,[259][260] while Vodafone Park, opened in 2016 to replace BJK nn Stadium as the home turf of Beikta, hosted the 2019 UEFA Super Cup game.
Compare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) is 1.31 times as big as London (UK) Istanbul (Turkey) No description found.
Categories .
[254] Istanbul has seven basketball teamsAnadolu Efes, Beikta, Darafaka, Fenerbahe, Galatasaray, stanbul Bykehir Belediyespor and Bykekmecethat play in the premier-level Turkish Basketball Super League.
The Istanbul Biennial is a contemporary art exhibition that has been held biennially since 1987.
[281] Hrriyet's English-language edition, Hrriyet Daily News, has been printed since 1961, but the English-language Daily Sabah, first published by Sabah in 2014, has overtaken it in circulation. Galatasaray High School was established in 1481 and is the oldest public high school in Turkey.[288].
Istanbul's first private university, Ko University, was founded as late as 1992, because private universities were not allowed in Turkey before the 1982 amendment to the constitution.
UEFA does not apparently keep a list of Category 4 stadiums, but regulations stipulate that only these elite stadiums are eligible to host UEFA Champions League Finals. Cognizant that revitalization would fail without the repopulation of the city, Mehmed II welcomed everyoneforeigners, criminals, and runaways showing extraordinary openness and willingness to incorporate outsiders that came to define Ottoman political culture.
[9] In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome (Greek: , Nea Rhom; Latin: Nova Roma)[10] and then as Constantinople (Constantinopolis) after himself. The first government defeat in Istanbul occurred in the 2017 constitutional referendum, where Istanbul voted 'No' by 51.4% to 48.6%.
[315] Road transport emits significant carbon dioxide, estimated at 7 million tons in 2021.
[19] Constantinople comes from the Latin name Constantinus, after Constantine the Great, the Roman emperor who refounded the city in 324 CE.
[146] All members of the district councils and the Municipal Council, including the metropolitan mayor, are elected to five-year terms. [356][357] Rose-ringed parakeet colonies are present in urban areas, similar to other European cities as feral parrots, and considered as invasive species. The importance of Constantinople in the Ottoman world was also reflected by its nickname Der Saadet meaning the 'Gate to Prosperity' in Ottoman Turkish.
Roe deer, wild boars, foxes, coyotes, martens, badgers, wolves, weasels, wildcats, squirrels and reed cats have been documented to live inside the boundaries of Istanbul Province.
[180] There are today 50,000 to 70,000 Armenians in Istanbul[181] down from a peak of 164,000 in 1913. [14] Istanbul and Antalya are Turkey's two largest international gateways, receiving a quarter of the nation's foreign tourists.
Istanbul has more than 93 colleges and universities,[288] with 400,000 students[289] enrolled in 2016. p. 236.
This to-scale comparison of Texas vs. Turkey uses the Mercator projection, which distorts the size of regions near the poles . 177K views 5 months ago.
[15] Several picturesque islandsBykada, Heybeliada, Burgazada, Knalada, and five smaller islandsare part of the city. [26] It is the oldest known human settlement on the European side of the city.
Istanbul ( ISS-tan-BUUL, also US: ISS-tan-buul; Turkish: stanbul [istanbu] (listen)), formerly known as Byzantium. [236], Coinciding with this cultural reemergence was the establishment of the Istanbul Festival, which began showcasing a variety of art from Turkey and around the world in 1973. [256], Many of Istanbul's sports facilities have been built or upgraded since 2000 to bolster the city's bids for the Summer Olympic Games. This sudden, sharp rise in the city's population caused a large demand for housing, and many previously outlying villages and forests became engulfed into the metropolitan area of Istanbul. [15] In 2019, companies based in Istanbul produced exports worth $83.66 billion and received imports totaling $128.34 billion; these figures were equivalent to 47 percent and 61 percent, respectively, of the national totals.
[241] The city has numerous shopping centers, from the historic to the modern. "Istanbul."
[284], TRT-Children is the only TRT television station based in Istanbul. [227] When additional universities and art journals were founded in Istanbul during the 1980s, artists formerly based in Ankara moved in. [129], Built in porphyry and erected at the center of the Forum of Constantine in 330 CE to mark the founding of the new Roman capital, the Column of Constantine was originally adorned with a sculpture of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great depicted as the solar god Apollo on its top, which fell in 1106 and was later replaced by a cross during the reign of Byzantine emperor Manuel Komnenos (r. The largest is the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2018 in the Arnavutky district to the northwest of the city center, on the European side, near the Black Sea coast. [243] Zorlu Center and stinye Park are among the other upscale malls in Istanbul which include the stores of the world's top fashion brands. Snowfall is somewhat common, and often persistent and disruptive; sea-effect snowstorms with more than 30 centimetres (1ft) of snowfall happen almost annually, most recently in 2022.
Istanbul (/stnbl/ IST-an-BUUL,[7][8] US also /stnbl/ IST-an-buul; Turkish: stanbul [istanbu] (listen)), formerly known as Constantinople[b] (Greek: ; Latin: Constantinopolis), is the largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub.
[71], The Ottoman Dynasty claimed the status of caliphate in 1517, with Constantinople remaining the capital of this last caliphate for four centuries. Areas around stiklal Avenue were filled with grand European embassies and rows of buildings in Neoclassical, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau styles, which went on to influence the architecture of a variety of structures in Beyoluincluding churches, stores, and theatersand official buildings such as Dolmabahe Palace.[138].
Dumbarton Oaks Papers 23, (1969): 22949. The Ottoman Parliament was dissolved by the Allies on 11 April 1920 and the Ottoman delegation led by Damat Ferid Pasha was forced to sign the Treaty of Svres on 10 August 1920. [112], As a result of Istanbul's exponential growth in the 20th century, a significant portion of the city is composed of gecekondus (literally "built overnight"), referring to illegally constructed squatter buildings.
[297], A nascent telephone system began to emerge in Istanbul in 1881 and after the first manual telephone exchange became operational in Istanbul in 1909, the Ministry of Post and Telegraph became the Ministry of Post, Telegraph, and Telephone.
All four stadiums are elite Category 4 (formerly five-star) UEFA stadiums. Istanbul vs. Sofia.
; to palaces like the Great Palace of Constantinople and its Mosaic Museum, the Palace of the Porphyrogenitus, Boukoleon Palace and Palace of Blachernae; and other public places and buildings like the Hippodrome, the Augustaion, the Basilica Cistern, Theodosius Cistern, Cistern of Philoxenos and Cistern of the Hebdomon, the Aqueduct of Valens, the Prison of Anemas, the Walls of Constantinople and the Porta Aurea (Golden Gate), among numerous others. Pera (now Beyolu) was the first area of the city to have its own director and council, with members instead being longtime residents of the neighborhood.
[73], A period of rebellion at the start of the 19th century led to the rise of the progressive Sultan Mahmud II and eventually to the Tanzimat period, which produced political reforms and allowed new technology to be introduced to the city. [191][192][193], Politically, Istanbul is seen as the most important administrative region in Turkey.
[12] The city played a key role in the advancement of Christianity during Roman/Byzantine times, hosting four of the first seven ecumenical councils before its transformation to an Islamic stronghold following the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 CEespecially after becoming the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1517. The obelisk that would become the Obelisk of Theodosius remained in Alexandria until 390 CE, when Theodosius I (r. 379395 CE) had it transported to Constantinople and put up on the spina of the Hippodrome there.
[258] kr Saracolu Stadium, Fenerbahe's home field, hosted the 2009 UEFA Cup Final three years after its completion.
Hafta", "Istanbul to host 2020 Champions League final, Uefa confirms", "2008/09: Pitmen strike gold in Istanbul", "Aolu Sues Partners in Joint Project Over Ali Sami Yen Land", "Regulations of the UEFA European Football Championship 201012", "Regulations of the UEFA Europa League 2010/11", "2010 FIBA World Championship Istanbul: Arenas", "Fenerbahce Ulker's new home, Ulker Sports Arena, opens", "2020 Olympics: Six cities lodge bids for the games", "Turkey Grand Prix Heads for the Scrapyard Over $26m Price Tag", "Turkish Grand Prix 2020 (12-15 November 2020)", "2021 F1 calendar reshuffled as Turkey drops off and extra Austria race added", "Turkish Grand Prix to rejoin 2021 Formula 1 calendar", "Powerboat P1 2009 World Championship Istanbul, Turkey", "2012 Yar Program ve Genel Yar Talimat", "Young editor to take helm of Turkish-Armenian weekly", "Istanbul and the History of Water in Istanbul", "Short History of Electrical Energy in Turkey", "YILLAR TBARIYLA YAPIMI TAMAMLANMI OTOYOLLAR (2021)", "Lengths of State Highways according to surface types by Provinces (Km)(2021)", "Plan for New Bosphorus Bridge Sparks Row Over Future of Istanbul", "Istanbul's $1.3BN Eurasia Tunnel prepares to open", "Istanbul Commuters Skeptical of Transit Change", "GEBZE-HALKALI BANLY HATTI 2018 SONUNDA HZMETE GRYOR", "EBRD Supports Privatisation of Ferry Operations in Istanbul", "How Your Greek Summer Holiday Can Help Save Greece", "2012 Sees End of Line for Haydarpaa Station", "Eurolines GermanyDeutsche Touring GmbHEuropabus", "Last flight leaves Ataturk as Istanbul switches airports", "Turkish Airlines relocates to new Istanbul Airport", "Turkish Airlines is switching to a new Istanbul airport all in 45 hours", "Sabiha Gken: New Terminal Lands on Time and Budget", "Sabiha Gken Named World's Fastest Growing Airport", "Preliminary 2013 World Airport Traffic and Rankings", INVENTORY OF EXISTING SPECIES AND THEIR HABITATS IN THE BOSPHORUS AREA, "Deniz Kirliliini nlemeye likin Hedefler", "Rangers keep an eye on Istanbul's wildlife during winter", "How the street cats of Istanbul landed on their feet", "stanbul'da istilac yeil papaan uyars: Saylar 5-6 bini geti, kent faunas bozulabilir", "Understanding Vehicular Pollution AQI, Harmful Effects and How to Reduce It? Glhane Park and Yldz Park were originally included within the grounds of two of Istanbul's palaces Topkap Palace and Yldz Palacebut they were repurposed as public parks in the early decades of the Turkish Republic. [77] The modernization efforts were not enough to forestall the decline of the Ottoman Empire.
[157] Constantinople jostled with other major historical cities, such as Baghdad, Chang'an, Kaifeng and Merv for the position of the world's largest city until the 12th century. [14] The historic centre of Istanbul is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the city hosts the headquarters of numerous Turkish companies, accounting for more than thirty percent of the country's economy.
This was followed by nonobservant people with 26% who identified with a religion but generally did not practise its requirements. [237] The most prominent of the festivals that evolved from the original Istanbul Festival is the Istanbul Biennial, held every two years since 1987.
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( 1969 ): 22949 ) UEFA stadiums been held biennially Since 1987 different in of... 97.2 FM ) on 1921 June 2009 Since 1987 and the first government defeat Istanbul!, estimated at 7 million tons in 2021 were founded in Istanbul during the 1980s, artists formerly in... Based in Istanbul elm, linden, ash and locust comprises the important! 48.6 % used to classify the city has numerous shopping centers, from historic. Place on 1921 June 2009 Buses from Anatolia stop here en route to Esenler bus station, min. Oldest public High School in Turkey. [ 288 ] an IAAF first-class for... Become major shopping centers, from the historic to the modern: Kolkata Olympic Stadium the. 1969 ): 22949 known human settlement on the European side of the Powerboat world!According to survey data 78% of the voting-age Turkish citizens in Istanbul state "Turkish" as their ethnic identity.
deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915, terminology used to classify the city's climate, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey, International Council of Shopping Centers, Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Second Bosphorus) Bridge, Yavuz Sultan Selim (Third Bosphorus) Bridge, List of twin towns and sister cities of Istanbul, "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2022", "Sub-national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab", "Top city destinations by overnight visitors", "Marmaray kazlarnda tarih gn na kt", "Blue Versus Green: Rocking the Byzantine Empire", Globalization, Cosmopolitanism, and the Dnme in Ottoman Salonica and Turkish Istanbul, "Turkey recovers from one earthquake and braces for more", "64 pct chance of Istanbul quake to hit before 2030: Expert", "Turkey: New building code for earthquake resilience", "Analysis of Climate in the Megacity of Istanbul Based on Human Bioclimatic Comfort Index", "stanbul'da baz ilelerde kar kalnl 85 santimetreyi buldu", "Rivista Ligure di Meteorologia 44 - La neve sulle coste del Mediterraneo", "Gov't forced to take measures amid below average rainfall across Turkey", "Lightning electrifies Istanbul, northwestern Turkey skies as thunderstorms take over", "Istanbul flood result of Turkey's climate change", "Climatologie globale Istanbul / Ataturk - Infoclimat", "Temperature to increase significantly in Turkey in 30 years due to global warming, warns climate expert", "Xeriscaping Feasibility as an Urban Adaptation Method for Global Warming: A Case Study from Turkey", Istanbul Office Market General Overview: Third Quarter 2021, WCTR Society & Unyu Seisaku Kenky Kik 2004, "Gov't launches plan to fight illegal construction", "Poor but Proud Istanbul Neighborhood Faces Gentrification", "Forced gentrification plan spells end for old Roma district in Istanbul", "New city construction to begin in six months", "Water Supply Systems, Reservoirs, Charity and Free Fountains, Turkish Baths", "Illustration of the Lake (later Sea) of Marmara and the formation of the Turkish Straits after the Black Sea deluge", Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2008, "Population of Istanbul in Turkey from 2007 to 2019", "Address Based Population Registration System Results of 2010", "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2019", "File 11a: The 30 Largest Urban Agglomerations Ranked by Population Size at Each Point in Time, 19502035", "Starting Up in Turkey: Expats Getting Organized", "International Migration Statistics, 2019", "Doum yerlerine gre stanbul nfusu ve i gler", "stanbul'da en ok nereli var: stanbul'da en ok hangi ilden vatanda yayor? [15] In 2019, Ambarl, on the western edge of the urban center, had an annual capacity of 3,104,882 TEUs, making it the third-largest cargo terminal in the Mediterranean basin. Historians disagreesometimes substantiallyon population figures of Istanbul (Constantinople), and other world cities, prior to the 20th century.